//
// Torrent.cs
//
// Authors:
//   Alan McGovern alan.mcgovern@gmail.com
//
// Copyright (C) 2006 Alan McGovern
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
// a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
// permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
// the following conditions:
// 
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
// 
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
// LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
// OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
// WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
//


using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;

using MonoTorrent.BEncoding;

namespace MonoTorrent
{
    public class Torrent : IEquatable<Torrent>, ITorrentData
    {
        #region Private Fields

        private BEncodedDictionary originalDictionary;
        private BEncodedValue azureusProperties;
        private IList<RawTrackerTier> announceUrls;
        private string comment;
        private string createdBy;
        private DateTime creationDate;
        private byte[] ed2k;
        private string encoding;
        private InfoHash infoHash;
        private bool isPrivate;
        protected string name;
        private BEncodedList nodes;
        protected int pieceLength;
        protected Hashes pieces;
        private string publisher;
        private string publisherUrl;
        private byte[] sha1;
        protected long size;
        private string source;
        protected TorrentFile[] torrentFiles;
        protected string torrentPath;
        private List<string> getRightHttpSeeds;
        private byte[] metadata;

        #endregion Private Fields


        #region Properties

        internal byte[] Metadata
        {
            get { return metadata; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// The announce URLs contained within the .torrent file
        /// </summary>
        public IList<RawTrackerTier> AnnounceUrls
        {
            get { return this.announceUrls; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// This dictionary is specific for azureus client 
        /// It can contain 
        /// 	dht_backup_enable (number)
        /// 	Content (dictionnary)
        ///  		Publisher
        /// 		Description
        /// 		Title
        /// 		Creation Date
        /// 		Content Hash
        /// 		Revision Date
        /// 		Thumbnail (string) = Base64 encoded image
        /// 		Progressive
        /// 		Speed Bps (number)
        /// but not useful for MT
        /// </summary>
        public BEncodedValue AzureusProperties
        {
            get { return this.azureusProperties; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// The comment contained within the .torrent file
        /// </summary>
        public string Comment
        {
            get { return this.comment; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// The optional string showing who/what created the .torrent
        /// </summary>
        public string CreatedBy
        {
            get { return this.createdBy; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// The creation date of the .torrent file
        /// </summary>
        public DateTime CreationDate
        {
            get { return this.creationDate; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// The optional ED2K hash contained within the .torrent file
        /// </summary>
        public byte[] ED2K
        {
            get { return this.ed2k; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// The encoding used by the client that created the .torrent file
        /// </summary>
        public string Encoding
        {
            get { return this.encoding; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// The list of files contained within the .torrent which are available for download
        /// </summary>
        public TorrentFile[] Files
        {
            get { return this.torrentFiles; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// This is the infohash that is generated by putting the "Info" section of a .torrent
        /// through a ManagedSHA1 hasher.
        /// </summary>
        public InfoHash InfoHash
        {
            get { return infoHash; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// Shows whether DHT is allowed or not. If it is a private torrent, no peer
        /// sharing should be allowed.
        /// </summary>
        public bool IsPrivate
        {
            get { return isPrivate; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// In the case of a single file torrent, this is the name of the file.
        /// In the case of a multi file torrent, it is the name of the root folder.
        /// </summary>
        public string Name
        {
            get { return this.name; }
            private set { this.name = value; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// FIXME: No idea what this is.
        /// </summary>
        public BEncodedList Nodes
        {
            get { return this.nodes; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// The length of each piece in bytes.
        /// </summary>
        public int PieceLength
        {
            get { return pieceLength; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// This is the array of hashes contained within the torrent.
        /// </summary>
        public Hashes Pieces
        {
            get { return this.pieces; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// The name of the Publisher
        /// </summary>
        public string Publisher
        {
            get { return publisher; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// The Url of the publisher of either the content or the .torrent file
        /// </summary>
        public string PublisherUrl
        {
            get { return this.publisherUrl; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// The optional SHA1 hash contained within the .torrent file
        /// </summary>
        public byte[] SHA1
        {
            get { return this.sha1; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// The total size of all the files that have to be downloaded.
        /// </summary>
        public long Size
        {
            get { return this.size; }
            private set { this.size = value; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// The source of the .torrent file
        /// </summary>
        public string Source
        {
            get { return source; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// This is the path at which the .torrent file is located
        /// </summary>
        public string TorrentPath
        {
            get { return this.torrentPath; }
            internal set { torrentPath = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This is the http-based seeding (getright protocole)
        /// </summary>
        public List<string> GetRightHttpSeeds
        {
            get { return this.getRightHttpSeeds; }
        }

        #endregion Properties


        #region Constructors

        protected Torrent()
        {
            this.announceUrls = new RawTrackerTiers ();
            this.comment = string.Empty;
            this.createdBy = string.Empty;
            this.creationDate = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc);
            this.encoding = string.Empty;
            this.name = string.Empty;
            this.publisher = string.Empty;
            this.publisherUrl = string.Empty;
            this.source = string.Empty;
            this.getRightHttpSeeds = new List<string>();
        }

        #endregion


        #region Public Methods

        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            return Equals(obj as Torrent);
        }

        public bool Equals(Torrent other)
        {
            if (other == null)
                return false;

            return infoHash == other.infoHash;
        }

        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            return infoHash.GetHashCode();
        }

        internal byte [] ToBytes ()
        {
            return originalDictionary.Encode ();
        }

        internal BEncodedDictionary ToDictionary ()
        {
            // Give the user a copy of the original dictionary.
            return BEncodedValue.Clone (originalDictionary);
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return this.name;
        }

        #endregion Public Methods


        #region Private Methods

        /// <summary>
        /// This method is called internally to read out the hashes from the info section of the
        /// .torrent file.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="data">The byte[]containing the hashes from the .torrent file</param>
        private void LoadHashPieces(byte[] data)
        {
            if (data.Length % 20 != 0)
                throw new TorrentException("Invalid infohash detected");

            this.pieces = new Hashes(data, data.Length / 20);
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// This method is called internally to load in all the files found within the "Files" section
        /// of the .torrents infohash
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="list">The list containing the files available to download</param>
        private void LoadTorrentFiles(BEncodedList list)
        {
            List<TorrentFile> files = new List<TorrentFile>();
            int endIndex;
            long length;
            string path;
            byte[] md5sum;
            byte[] ed2k;
            byte[] sha1;
            int startIndex;
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(32);

            foreach (BEncodedDictionary dict in list)
            {
                length = 0;
                path = null;
                md5sum = null;
                ed2k = null;
                sha1 = null;

                foreach (KeyValuePair<BEncodedString, BEncodedValue> keypair in dict)
                {
                    switch (keypair.Key.Text)
                    {
                        case ("sha1"):
                            sha1 = ((BEncodedString)keypair.Value).TextBytes;
                            break;

                        case ("ed2k"):
                            ed2k = ((BEncodedString)keypair.Value).TextBytes;
                            break;

                        case ("length"):
                            length = long.Parse(keypair.Value.ToString());
                            break;

                        case ("path.utf-8"):
                            foreach (BEncodedString str in ((BEncodedList)keypair.Value))
                            {
                                sb.Append(str.Text);
                                sb.Append(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar);
                            }
                            path = sb.ToString(0, sb.Length - 1);
                            sb.Remove(0, sb.Length);
                            break;

                        case ("path"):
                            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
                            {
                                foreach (BEncodedString str in ((BEncodedList)keypair.Value))
                                {
                                    sb.Append(str.Text);
                                    sb.Append(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar);
                                }
                                path = sb.ToString(0, sb.Length - 1);
                                sb.Remove(0, sb.Length);
                            }
                            break;

                        case ("md5sum"):
                            md5sum = ((BEncodedString)keypair.Value).TextBytes;
                            break;

                        default:
                            break; //FIXME: Log unknown values
                    }
                }

                // A zero length file always belongs to the same piece as the previous file
                if (length == 0)
                {
                    if (files.Count > 0)
                    {
                        startIndex = files[files.Count - 1].EndPieceIndex;
                        endIndex = files[files.Count - 1].EndPieceIndex;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        startIndex = 0;
                        endIndex = 0;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    startIndex = (int)(size / pieceLength);
                    endIndex = (int)((size  + length) / pieceLength);
                    if ((size + length) % pieceLength == 0)
                        endIndex--;
                }

                files.Add(new TorrentFile(path, length, path, startIndex, endIndex, (int)(size % pieceLength), md5sum, ed2k, sha1));
                size += length;
            }

            this.torrentFiles = files.ToArray();
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// This method is called internally to load the information found within the "Info" section
        /// of the .torrent file
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dictionary">The dictionary representing the Info section of the .torrent file</param>
        private void ProcessInfo(BEncodedDictionary dictionary)
        {
            metadata = dictionary.Encode();
            this.pieceLength = int.Parse(dictionary["piece length"].ToString());
            LoadHashPieces(((BEncodedString)dictionary["pieces"]).TextBytes);

            foreach (KeyValuePair<BEncodedString, BEncodedValue> keypair in dictionary)
            {
                switch (keypair.Key.Text)
                {
                    case ("source"):
                        this.source = keypair.Value.ToString();
                        break;

                    case ("sha1"):
                        this.sha1 = ((BEncodedString)keypair.Value).TextBytes;
                        break;

                    case ("ed2k"):
                        this.ed2k = ((BEncodedString)keypair.Value).TextBytes;
                        break;

                    case ("publisher-url.utf-8"):
                        if (keypair.Value.ToString().Length > 0)
                            this.publisherUrl = keypair.Value.ToString();
                        break;

                    case ("publisher-url"):
                        if ((String.IsNullOrEmpty(publisherUrl)) && (keypair.Value.ToString().Length > 0))
                            this.publisherUrl = keypair.Value.ToString();
                        break;

                    case ("publisher.utf-8"):
                        if (keypair.Value.ToString().Length > 0)
                            this.publisher = keypair.Value.ToString();
                        break;

                    case ("publisher"):
                        if ((String.IsNullOrEmpty(publisher)) && (keypair.Value.ToString().Length > 0))
                            this.publisher = keypair.Value.ToString();
                        break;

                    case ("files"):
                        LoadTorrentFiles(((BEncodedList)keypair.Value));
                        break;

                    case ("name.utf-8"):
                        if (keypair.Value.ToString().Length > 0)
                            this.name = keypair.Value.ToString();
                        break;

                    case ("name"):
                        if ((String.IsNullOrEmpty(this.name)) && (keypair.Value.ToString().Length > 0))
                            this.name = keypair.Value.ToString();
                        break;

                    case ("piece length"):  // Already handled
                        break;

                    case ("length"):
                        break;      // This is a singlefile torrent

                    case ("private"):
                        this.isPrivate = (keypair.Value.ToString() == "1") ? true : false;
                        break;

                    default:
                        break;
                }
            }

            if (this.torrentFiles == null)   // Not a multi-file torrent
            {
                long length = long.Parse(dictionary["length"].ToString());
                this.size = length;
                string path = this.name;
                byte[] md5 = (dictionary.ContainsKey("md5")) ? ((BEncodedString)dictionary["md5"]).TextBytes : null;
                byte[] ed2k = (dictionary.ContainsKey("ed2k")) ? ((BEncodedString)dictionary["ed2k"]).TextBytes : null;
                byte[] sha1 = (dictionary.ContainsKey("sha1")) ? ((BEncodedString)dictionary["sha1"]).TextBytes : null;

                this.torrentFiles = new TorrentFile[1];
                int endPiece = Math.Min(Pieces.Count - 1, (int)((size + (pieceLength - 1)) / pieceLength));
                this.torrentFiles[0] = new TorrentFile(path, length, path, 0, endPiece, 0, md5, ed2k, sha1);
            }
        }

        #endregion Private Methods


        #region Loading methods

        /// <summary>
        /// This method loads a .torrent file from the specified path.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path">The path to load the .torrent file from</param>
        public static Torrent Load(string path)
        {
            Check.Path(path);

            using (Stream s = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read))
                return Torrent.Load(s, path);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Loads a torrent from a byte[] containing the bencoded data
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="data">The byte[] containing the data</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Torrent Load(byte[] data)
        {
            Check.Data(data);

            using (MemoryStream s = new MemoryStream(data))
                return Load(s, "");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Loads a .torrent from the supplied stream
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="stream">The stream containing the data to load</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Torrent Load(Stream stream)
        {
            Check.Stream(stream);

            if (stream == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("stream");

            return Torrent.Load(stream, "");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Loads a .torrent file from the specified URL
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">The URL to download the .torrent from</param>
        /// <param name="location">The path to download the .torrent to before it gets loaded</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Torrent Load(Uri url, string location)
        {
            Check.Url(url);
            Check.Location(location);

            try
            {
                using (WebClient client = new WebClient())
                    client.DownloadFile(url, location);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw new TorrentException("Could not download .torrent file from the specified url", ex);
            }

            return Torrent.Load(location);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Loads a .torrent from the specificed path. A return value indicates
        /// whether the operation was successful.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path">The path to load the .torrent file from</param>
        /// <param name="torrent">If the loading was succesful it is assigned the Torrent</param>
        /// <returns>True if successful</returns>
        public static bool TryLoad(string path, out Torrent torrent)
        {
            Check.Path(path);

            try
            {
                torrent = Torrent.Load(path);
            }
            catch
            {
                torrent = null;
            }

            return torrent != null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Loads a .torrent from the specified byte[]. A return value indicates
        /// whether the operation was successful.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="data">The byte[] to load the .torrent from</param>
        /// <param name="torrent">If loading was successful, it contains the Torrent</param>
        /// <returns>True if successful</returns>
        public static bool TryLoad(byte[] data, out Torrent torrent)
        {
            Check.Data(data);

            try
            {
                torrent = Torrent.Load(data);
            }
            catch
            {
                torrent = null;
            }

            return torrent != null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Loads a .torrent from the supplied stream. A return value indicates
        /// whether the operation was successful.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="stream">The stream containing the data to load</param>
        /// <param name="torrent">If the loading was succesful it is assigned the Torrent</param>
        /// <returns>True if successful</returns>
        public static bool TryLoad(Stream stream, out Torrent torrent)
        {
            Check.Stream(stream);
            
            try
            {
                torrent = Torrent.Load(stream);
            }
            catch
            {
                torrent = null;
            }

            return torrent != null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Loads a .torrent file from the specified URL. A return value indicates
        /// whether the operation was successful.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">The URL to download the .torrent from</param>
        /// <param name="location">The path to download the .torrent to before it gets loaded</param>
        /// <param name="torrent">If the loading was succesful it is assigned the Torrent</param>
        /// <returns>True if successful</returns>
        public static bool TryLoad(Uri url, string location, out Torrent torrent)
        {
            Check.Url(url);
            Check.Location(location);
            
            try
            {
                torrent = Torrent.Load(url, location);
            }
            catch
            {
                torrent = null;
            }

            return torrent != null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called from either Load(stream) or Load(string).
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="stream"></param>
        /// <param name="path"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static Torrent Load(Stream stream, string path)
        {
            Check.Stream(stream);
            Check.Path(path);

            try
            {
                Torrent t = Torrent.LoadCore ((BEncodedDictionary) BEncodedDictionary.Decode(stream));
                t.torrentPath = path;
                return t;
            }
            catch (BEncodingException ex)
            {
                throw new TorrentException("Invalid torrent file specified", ex);
            }
        }

        public static Torrent Load(BEncodedDictionary torrentInformation)
        {
            return LoadCore ((BEncodedDictionary)BEncodedValue.Decode (torrentInformation.Encode ()));
        }

        internal static Torrent LoadCore(BEncodedDictionary torrentInformation)
        {
            Check.TorrentInformation(torrentInformation);

            Torrent t = new Torrent();
            t.LoadInternal(torrentInformation);

            return t;
        }

        protected void LoadInternal(BEncodedDictionary torrentInformation)
        {
            Check.TorrentInformation(torrentInformation);
            originalDictionary = torrentInformation;
            torrentPath = "";

            try
            {
                foreach (KeyValuePair<BEncodedString, BEncodedValue> keypair in torrentInformation)
                {
                    switch (keypair.Key.Text)
                    {
                        case ("announce"):
                            // Ignore this if we have an announce-list
                            if (torrentInformation.ContainsKey("announce-list"))
                                break;
                            announceUrls.Add(new RawTrackerTier ());
                            announceUrls[0].Add(keypair.Value.ToString());
                            break;

                        case ("creation date"):
                            try
                            {
                                try
                                {
                                    creationDate = creationDate.AddSeconds(long.Parse(keypair.Value.ToString()));
                                }
                                catch (Exception e)
                                {
                                    if (e is ArgumentOutOfRangeException)
                                        creationDate = creationDate.AddMilliseconds(long.Parse(keypair.Value.ToString()));
                                    else
                                        throw;
                                }
                            }
                            catch (Exception e)
                            {
                                if (e is ArgumentOutOfRangeException)
                                    throw new BEncodingException("Argument out of range exception when adding seconds to creation date.", e);
                                else if (e is FormatException)
                                    throw new BEncodingException(String.Format("Could not parse {0} into a number", keypair.Value), e);
                                else
                                    throw;
                            }
                            break;

                        case ("nodes"):
                            nodes = (BEncodedList)keypair.Value;
                            break;

                        case ("comment.utf-8"):
                            if (keypair.Value.ToString().Length != 0)
                                comment = keypair.Value.ToString();       // Always take the UTF-8 version
                            break;                                          // even if there's an existing value

                        case ("comment"):
                            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(comment))
                                comment = keypair.Value.ToString();
                            break;

                        case ("publisher-url.utf-8"):                       // Always take the UTF-8 version
                            publisherUrl = keypair.Value.ToString();      // even if there's an existing value
                            break;

                        case ("publisher-url"):
                            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(publisherUrl))
                                publisherUrl = keypair.Value.ToString();
                            break;

                        case ("azureus_properties"):
                            azureusProperties = keypair.Value;
                            break;

                        case ("created by"):
                            createdBy = keypair.Value.ToString();
                            break;

                        case ("encoding"):
                            encoding = keypair.Value.ToString();
                            break;

                        case ("info"):
                            using (SHA1 s = HashAlgoFactory.Create<SHA1>())
                                infoHash = new InfoHash (s.ComputeHash(keypair.Value.Encode()));
                            ProcessInfo(((BEncodedDictionary)keypair.Value));
                            break;

                        case ("name"):                                               // Handled elsewhere
                            break;

                        case ("announce-list"):
                            if (keypair.Value is BEncodedString)
                                break;
                            BEncodedList announces = (BEncodedList)keypair.Value;

                            for (int j = 0; j < announces.Count; j++)
                            {
                                if (announces[j] is BEncodedList)
                                {
                                    BEncodedList bencodedTier = (BEncodedList)announces[j];
                                    List<string> tier = new List<string>(bencodedTier.Count);

                                    for (int k = 0; k < bencodedTier.Count; k++)
                                        tier.Add(bencodedTier[k].ToString());

                                    Toolbox.Randomize<string>(tier);

                                    RawTrackerTier collection = new RawTrackerTier ();
                                    for (int k = 0; k < tier.Count; k++)
                                        collection.Add(tier[k]);

                                    if (collection.Count != 0)
                                        announceUrls.Add(collection);
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    throw new BEncodingException(String.Format("Non-BEncodedList found in announce-list (found {0})",
                                      announces[j].GetType()));
                                }
                            }
                            break;

                        case ("httpseeds"):
                            // This form of web-seeding is not supported.
                            break;

                        case ("url-list"):
                            if (keypair.Value is BEncodedString)
                            {
                                getRightHttpSeeds.Add(((BEncodedString)keypair.Value).Text);
                            }
                            else if (keypair.Value is BEncodedList)
                            {
                                foreach (BEncodedString str in (BEncodedList)keypair.Value)
                                    GetRightHttpSeeds.Add(str.Text);
                            }
                            break;

                        default:
                            break;
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                if (e is BEncodingException)
                    throw;
                else
                    throw new BEncodingException("", e);
            }
        }

        #endregion Loading methods
    }
}
